Anthropology The First Day Of Class - 1507 Words

What is Anthropology? When this question was asked on the first day of class. I immediately thought to myself that it was the study of nonindustrial peoples but it was much more. According to the American Anthropology Association, Anthropology is the study of humans, past and present. I realized that many social science focus on one single society such as the United States. While, anthropology offers a unique cross-cultural perspective, constantly comparing the customs of one society with those of others (pg. 1). In class, we watched a movie called â€Å"A League of Their Own†, and got to be ethnography anthropologist. As a short term anthropologist well be uncovering the different aspects of the movie as well as background research. Today’s society, we observe differences in not only male and female sexes, but importantly, their gender. Throughout the A League of Their Own their was gender role behaviors and attitudes. The males in the film were displayed aggression, e specially toward females. Aggression was shown in many ways such as sarcasm and yelling. Jimmy Dugan, a main character in the film as the Rockford Peaches’ coach, is rude with his remarks. In one scene, Evelyn performs a wrong play, which Jimmy starts yelling at her as she is walking towards the dugout. Evelyn begins to cry as Jimmy is yelling at her and responses with his famous line â€Å"There’s no crying in baseball!†. In the world, we see different types of families whether its blend, nuclear, extended, singleShow MoreRelatedBecoming A First Generation College Student860 Words   |  4 Pages I have always been my own motivator and it has not always been easy. Being a first-generation college student meant going it on my own, making mistakes and learning from them. At the start of my college adventure I met Professor Michelle Field who introduced me to more than my love of Anthropology, but looking back she is now my inspiration to want to teach Anthropolo gy. 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The fourth heading is habitus, with a sub-heading thus: the socio-cultural study of the body. The fifth heading is on nationalisation theories. The sixth heading is on globalisationRead MoreAnthropology : The Anthropology Of Sports1496 Words   |  6 PagesAnthropology is a generic term which originates from the Greek word anthropo logos which means the â€Å"study of man.† Anthropology is the most comprehensive among the social sciences, covering every aspect of human behaviour, past, present and the future (Blanchard 1995:2). 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Proposal to Implement Erp - 1605 Words

Project Proposal Sheet 1.0 Idea HANA KIMI CO. would like to adopt an online Supply Chain Management System (SCM) whereby the customers may buy company s products online via company s website and able to track the status of the order including the availability of the stocks by integrating the Online Sales System with the company s Inventory, Manufacturing and Production System. 2.0 Type of Project #8730; Revenue Generating #8730; Cost Savings 3.0 Type of System Horizontal: The implementation of the online SCM will involve the operational level only Vertical: The following functions will be integrated: #61607; Manufacturing and Production System #61607; Sales and Marketing System #61607; Inventory System†¦show more content†¦Under this condition, there are the one who sets the price. To uphold a good relationship with them is the answer to minimise the risk. Thus, offering them the new integrated online system which will ease and simplify their deal, will be very advantageous. Competitive Rivalry What is important here is the number and capability of the competitors Ââ€" if there are many competitors, and they offer equally attractive products and services, then the business is most likely to have a better power in the situation. If suppliers and buyers don t get a good deal from us, they will walk off elsewhere. Alternatively, if no-one else can do what we do, then we can often have tremendous strength. We might not be able to totally differentiate the products but we can surely offer better services to them. One of the ways is to implement the interactive online SCM that integrate the Sales System, the Stock Control System as well as the Production System. In this case, we are able to cater both suppliers and customers better and faster. Threat of Substitution This is affected by the ability of the customers to find a different way or different substitute products in the market. 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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Free Essays

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a fourteenth century Middle English romance story portraying the chivalrous character of Sir Gawain. It is a splendid but a difficult poem and the one that has naturally attracted a considerable body of critical commentary. The poem is altogether extraordinary, especially in the brilliant architectonics of its composition. We will write a custom essay sample on Sir Gawain and the Green Knight or any similar topic only for you Order Now The complex and symmetrical structure of the poem urges the readers to look for an overall meaning and intention. (John Halverson). The story belongs to the category of the best stories that have a strong theme, a fascinating plot, a fitting structure, unforgettable characters, a well-chosen setting, and an appealing style. The intricate plot, rich language and complex symbolism make the poem interesting for many a critic. Plot is most often about a conflict or struggle that the main character goes through. The conflict in the mind of Sir Gawain and his out ward conflict with the Green Knight make the poem rich in its plot. When the King Arthur was challenged in his court by a mysterious green warrior, Sir Gawain took it valiantly. The â€Å"Green Knight† offers to allow anyone to strike him with his axe if the challenger will take a return blow in a year and a day. The valiant Sir Gawain strikes the Green Knight beheading him only to see the Green Knight getting up and setting up head once again stunning everyone there. Thus the story begins drawing Sir Gawain into action and later his struggle to meet the Green Knight at the appointed time after one year. Sir Gawain shows extraordinary courage and determination in keeping his word. The setting in a story helps it to unfold naturally. It sets the tone of the story and provides the necessary background for understanding the actions of the characters in the light of the context. Setting is the psychological time or place in a story. Setting plays an important role in the success of stories. It sets the reader’s mood and setting in this story puts the reader right into the story. It also helps to outline the theme of the story. It may be an important symbolism in the story which only enriches the story with multiple layers of meaning. The story of Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is set in the backdrop of medieval courts and allows the readers understand the intricacies in the plot. The hunting in the dangerous forest and the lovely green chapel add to the richness and complexity to the story. It is a perfect setting to portray the gallantry of the host, Bertilak in the open world and the virtuous nature of Sir Gawain in the closed chambers of the chapel. The struggle that goes in the mind of the protagonist is richly suggestive. Morgan argues that a moral struggle is suggested by the juxtaposition of the hunt scenes and the bedroom scenes, with the Lady in the role of the hunter and Gawain as the hunted. (Morgan). A theme is something important the story tries to tell us—something that might help us in our own lives. The main is character is someone readers can feel something in common with, or at least care about. Generally the main character has an flaw in his character and as a result he suffers. We see the character evolving as the story progresses. Sir Gawain’s guilt of not keeping his promise to Bertilak makes him realize his inner moral weakness, though he appears to be victorious to the outside world. The finest of all Middle English metrical romances, Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knight, dealing with incidents derived, apparently, from a primitive form of the Gawain legend, portrays him in his original character as a model of chivalry and of all the knightly graces. (Cambridge History of Literature) References Halverson John http://www. jstor. org/pss/436002 Morgan, Gerald. â€Å"The Action of the Hunting and Bedroom Scenes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. † Medium Aevum 56 (1987): 200-16. http://chss. montclair. edu/english/furr/arkin. html The Cambridge History of English and American Literature http://www. bartleby. com/211/1213. html How to cite Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Papers Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Free Essays The Theme of Games in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight The theme of games plays a very important role in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. In fact, much of the action that takes place in this story revolves around the playing of various â€Å"games. † When one thinks of the word â€Å"games,† there are several thoughts that may come to mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Sir Gawain and the Green Knight or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sports, board games, and card games are all types of games that society today might be familiar with. The author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight uses different kinds of games than the ones mentioned above. In the time of Sir Arthur and his court, the word â€Å"game† wasn’t as strongly associated with something pleasurable as it was meant to test one’s worthiness. When the Green Knight enters Arthur’s court and announces that he has come to ask â€Å" a Christmas game,† he has not come to play cards or scrabble, but instead has come to test the worthiness of someone in the court. â€Å"The â€Å"game† of exchanging gifts was very common in Germanic culture. If a man received a gift, he was obliged to provide the giver with a better gift or risk losing his honor, almost like an exchange of blows in a fight, or in a â€Å"beheading game† (Harwood). Many other games are involved in the plot of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Throughout the third section of the poem for example, we see Gawain’s host’s wife play games with Gawain. Gawain views his arrangement of trading with his host as a game (line 1380). Even from the beginning, the Knight plays a game of sorts with Arthur’s court by criticizing and almost taunting the court for failing to live up to its reputation:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"What, is this Arthur’s house,† said that horseman then, â€Å"Whose fame is so fair in far realms and wide? Where is now your arrogance and your awesome deeds, our valor and your victories and your vaunting words? † (lines 308-311) Eventually the reader discovers all of the events of the story are a game of Arthur’s sister, Morgan Le Fay. Throughout the telling of the story it becomes evident that the author is playing a game with the mind of the reader. This essay will explore the theme of games in Sir Gawa in and the Green Knight as well as how they might be connected. The foundation of the entire plot of the story begins with the â€Å"Christmas game† that the Green Knight has come to play with Arthur’s court. The court initially believes hat the mysterious knight has come for â€Å"contest bare† (line 277). When the Green Knight reveals that he will exchange one blow for another, it seems like it would be an easy victory for an opponent, seeing that no one expects the knight to survive after being beheaded with his own axe. Surprisingly, the knight picks up his severed head and leaves. This severely heightens the seriousness of Gawain’s promise to let the knight have a blow at his own head in exactly one year. Arthur clearly downplays the importance of this promise, saying, â€Å"Now, sir, hang up your axe, and return to the feast† (Line 477). Arthur clearly tries to write off the importance of the contest before Gawain beheads the knight with his own axe, as if he foresees Gawain’s eventual success: â€Å"Keep, cousin,† said the king, â€Å"what you cut with this day And if you rule it aright, then readily, I know, You shall stand the stroke it will strike after† (Lines 371-374). While neither Gawain nor the reader is aware of the game that is already occurring throughout the plot of the poem, this same game continues to unfold as Gawain arrives at the castle on Christmas Eve. Bercilak, who plays â€Å"host† to Gawain, continues to trick Gawain by not revealing that he is the Green Knight from Arthur’s castle. He allows Gawain to stay at his castle, on the condition that anything acquired throughout the day as a result of staying there would be given to Bercilak as a gift. In return, anything that Bercilak acquired while hunting would be gifted to Gawain. We see another representation of Games within hunting, as hunting is sometimes viewed as a game in itself. Gawain sees this mutual exchange of things won over the course of the day as a game, although Bercilak describes this arrangement as a â€Å"covenant† (Line 1384). It also becomes apparent that the hosts’ wife is playing her own games with Gawain by sneaking into his quarters and trying to seduce him. It is at this point in the story in which Gawain breaks a major rule of the game by not telling Bercilak about the girdle, which supposedly holds magical powers that would prevent any harm from coming to Gawain. Gawain does not fail because he accepts the girdle, but rather because he fails to gift the girdle to Bercilak as something won throughout the course of the day. Since Gawain believes that the girdle would give him the power to survive the blow of the Green Knights’ axe, he fails to hand over his relic to his host. Before Gawain goes to bed on this third night of his stay, Bercilak reminds Gawain, â€Å"Every promise on my part shall be fully performed† (Line 1970). This is a hint to the reader that the host is already aware of the fact that Gawain decided not to share this girdle that was gifted to him. When Gawain finally leaves the castle and finds the Green Knight waiting to hold up his end of the bargain, the Green knight continues to play games with Gawain by â€Å"teasing† him with the axe. He stops at first after Gawain flinches and taunts him for moving. Once Gawain remains still and the Knight deals his blow, only scratching the neck of Gawain, the Green Knight reveals his true identity, as well as the identity of Morgan Le Fay. It is at this point the reader realizes that almost everything that has happened up to this point is just a part of an elaborate game. This game was designed at the hands of Morgan Le Fay to teach Gawain, as well as the other knights of Arthurs’ court, that even the most noble of knights are human and subject to failure at the hands of temptation. As Gawain returns still wearing the green girdle around his arm, it is evident that this game has also taught him another valuable lesson: the lesson of humility (Bennett). Gawain returns to Arthur’s court, still wearing the girdle in shame as a reminder to always follow the rules of the game. After Sir Gawain shares his tales of deceit and trickery, the other knights deem it appropriate to also wear green sashes as a reminder of the adventure that Gawain had. Finally, there are at least two more games that the author plays with the reader throughout Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. The first and most obvious game is the fact that the author hides important information from the reader until the end, and then reveals this information. Such information includes but is not limited to the host’s true identity, the reason for the â€Å"Christmas game,† and the fact that Gawain’s aunt, Morgan Le Fay, originated the game. While concealing this information is critical to the progression of the story, it still represents a more subtle game that is being played by the author. â€Å"A much more subtle game played by the author, however, is the way that the author sneaks moral instruction into a poem which, up until about the last three hundred lines, is almost purely entertainment†(Putter). The author clearly expresses to the reader that even Gawain, the noblest of knights, is human and subject to failings. Whether in the fourteenth century or today, the author’s message holds significant meaning. It is apparent that we are in fact all human, and at some point or another, subject to some type of failure. I believe that this is the message that the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight wanted to pass along to the reader. In conclusion, the theme of games is demonstrated in many different ways throughout Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. It is seen in the actions of the Green Knight and Morgan Le Fay towards Gawain. It is also evident that similar games are played between the author and the reader. All of these games tie together significantly to reveal what I believe is the key message of this poem: Regardless of social status, we are all human, we are all subject to temptation, and most importantly, we are all, at some point, almost certainly subject to failure. Works Cited 1. Harwood, Britton J. Gawain and the Gift,† PMLA 106. 3 (1991) pp. 483–99. 2. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Sixth Edition, Volume One. General Ed. M. H. Abrams. New York: Norton, 1993. 3. Bennett, Michael J. â€Å"The Historical Background† in A Companion to the Gawain-Poet. Derek Brewer and Jonathan Gibson, editors. Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1997. pp. 71-90 4. Putter, Ad. An Introduction to the Gawain-poet. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1996. How to cite Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Essay examples

Cognitive Learning Theory And Applications In Nursing Education

Question: Discuss About The Cognitive Learning Theory And Applications In Nursing Education? Answer: Introduction: Learning, although has been bound to classrooms and lectures for a long time, is now getting evolved. Educators are looking for ways to implement suitable methods that can make a difference in learning. The theories put forth by Pavlov (classical conditioning) to Piaget (Constructivisim), all deal with innumerable ways to enrich learning. Although the theories are different in their approach and use varying methods to achieve the goal, their primary focus is on how to enrich learning experiences in adult education. The educational psychologists and researchers strongly believe that understanding these theories can help in enhancing efficiency in learning and standardizing the learning methods. (Aliakbari, 2015). These adult learning theories focus on one point- since the primary object, here are adults, they are self-motivated enough to understand the value of learning, and can understand its importance. Hence, experts believe that applying theories of adult learning in a suitable environment, has to be by accentuating their personal desire to learn and also by inducing internal motivation, rather than using external stimulation. (Chen, 2014). Other experts equally believe that any of these theories can be applied to adult learning, in any professional settings. (McAllister, 2003). Since the subjects here are adults, (as in nursing education too), the perspective of the individuals is clear- they have come to learn skills that are essential for living (or career development) and hence, use of a dult learning theory can come in extremely handy. Although every theory brings to our attention a different focal point of adult learning, and has an alternate method to suggest strengthening learning perspectives, each theory is, on its own, complete. Therefore, in this study, we are going to look upon the salient features of cognitive theory of learning by Jean Piaget and how it can be applied to nursing education. Cognitive Theory of Learning: Cognitive learning theory, put forth by Jean Piaget, emphasizes on the use of concept maps to increase the capacity of learning new skills in adult students. (Biniecki et.al, 2015). Cognitive theory, therefore, emphasizes on analyzing the mental processes and using it effectively to facilitate learning in an individual. Learning, therefore, is synonymous to think with the brain. (Sincero, M. S). Hence, by studying the mental processes, and effective cognitive processes can ensure effective learning. Piaget divided the mental processing ability of individuals in four stages sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operations and formal operational stages. The last stage the formal operational stage, is what we are concerned about, as this deals with the adolescent to adult learning stage. This is the stage where, according to Piaget, the cognitive development is complete, and therefore, the brain can focus on the importance and value of learning skills that might be required for the future. Many experts believe that the cognitive theory is very much appropriate in the adult learning experiences. According to them, since the cognitive theory involves the influence of both social and personal factors, a learner can immediately relate what is being learnt to what he does in his personal life. Here, let's take the example of a nursing practitioner or a nursing student. If an instructor is talking about the conditions of multiple sclerosis and the nursing student is able to relate that lecture to the patients they have seen that day, then the metal processing of information is complete. Hence, learning is effective, when one can process its meaning in what is already present in their cognitive structure. (Jackson). Also, one is required to both study the external environment or as Piaget called the social factors, and also the intrinsic internal behavior or personal learning abilities or traits. The learning is effective, only when both external and internal behaviors are favorable and the individual can effectively process information through mental processes. The below diagram predicts how the behavioral patterns of a learner and his skills to accumulate and process information depends upon both his personal and social environments. This is called the social cognitive theory, where the social (environmental effects) are also considered as a factor for influencing a persons learning experience. The social cognitive theory, as expressed in the model above, focuses on how the environment can influence a person and increases his skills in processing effective information. This can be applied in nursing effectively, where a student learns from their external environment the hospitals or health care centers where they take training and also from the seniors. Cognitive theory, (with its several sub-theories), therefore, focuses on what goes inside the minds of the learner, and hence, how they can change perceptions and thoughts according to what is learnt and also their environmental conditions. (Braungart, et.al., 2007). What makes the cognitive theory more effective as an adult learning tool is its suitability in their applications. Adult mind, is already developed (cognitive abilities, as per Piaget, have been formed) and goals are established. Hence, providing them with a learning experience that is both conducive to their social conditions, (external environment) and cognitive framework (internal environment) can defiantly produce effective learning. Hence, the theory of cognitive learning believes in not rewarding the learners for their work, but on understanding the goals and perceptions of life they have, and work upon it to help them assimilate information efficiently. Cognitive theory, therefore, has been applied to various adult learning experiences, and have proved to be very useful. This theory has also been applied to various fields of medicine, where the students are in their formal cognitive development stage, and are influenced by perceptions and environmental situations. The assimilation of information accounting to the cognitive theory can be explained as Attention Processing- Memory storage- Action. (Braungart, et.al). A student needs to first attend to what is being taught, and process it with prior information they have on that subject as a next stage of learning. Once the processing is done, it is stored in the memory for a later stage, where it will be required for application. Cognitive Theory in Nursing Field: The cognitive theory model can be efficaciously applied to the field of nursing and medicine to enlarge learning perspectives. There are several instances where it can be applied to the field of nursing. Here are some examples given by the researchers: Use of concept maps: A nursing practitioner or student, needs to assimilate a plethora of information and has hoards of symptoms to learn to apply it effectively in everyday process. Bringing back the concept map here, the student can use it to get a framework of symptoms, and diagnosis to connect it to real life situations. (Biniecki, et.al., 2015). Designing concept maps for various disorders and diseases (which are otherwise complicated) can help understand their applications. They can also use concept maps to design health care plans for specific cases and hence, can use it as a learning tool (as well as practice tool) at later stages. Social Cognitive Theory: Cognitive theory believes in putting into picture both the external and internal environment. A student of nurse training is imbibed with cognitive development that involves caring for the sick and also in understanding medical jargons. Thus, the personal environment ability to think- is clear. Similarly, since what they learn is going to be useful in everyday applications, their social environment is also conducive to learning. Cognitive theory, therefore, is perfect for applying in nursing practices, either as a primary tool or an ancillary aid. The four stages of learning, as explained by the theory - Attention Processing- Memory storage- Action- can be applied to the nursing field. They can learn the information, process it and store it in memory and can be applied in a clinical environment. Motivation: Motivation is also a key factor for cognitive learning. While external motivators like high salaries or clearing the training process can be one of the instigators, what motivates the learner more is internal satisfaction in learning new methods of treatment processes, in performing their tasks better than the others, and also in getting satisfaction out of learning (Palis, et.al., 2014). This significant internal factor forces an individual to focus on the modules taught, and their brains to process and store information for further use. A student nurse might have goals and expectations to come out the winner or clear the training to join practice. This motivation can help in furthering the process of learning. Simulation as a tool for learning: Simulation, (which is the focus of most adult learning theories) is one of the most effective ways of making the learners aware of what is happening around them, and thus, force them to take heed of their surroundings.(Rutherford-Hemming, 2012). Nurse educators can use simulation as a process of learning to make the courses interesting and stimulating to the students. Applying concepts of simulation, in the case of nurse practitioners involve studying about a particular body system and its complications and seeing a real life example immediately, and relate to it. Here, application of learning, which is one of its key advantages, comes into the picture, thus, making it more significant. Motivation, social and external environment, simulation and information processing and application, all tools of cognitive learning theory, can be applied to the clinical environment of nursing, to make learning involvement fruitful. Since the nursing students or practicing nurses have crossed the three stages of cognitive development and are in the fourth stage, it is easier for them to use each and every stage of learning into practice. Enriching prior Knowledge: Another way of using cognitive theory as a tool in nursing is to ensure the educators are aware of the earlier experiences of the students and their prior knowledge. The learning outcome will be more fruitful since the learners inclination towards the concept will be enhanced. A student nurse might or might not have a highly complete information about Glomerulonephritis or Henoch-Schnlein Purpura (HSP). However, if he or she has studied basic biology, they will be aware about the basic urinary and kidney functions and how the system works. Now, what the tutor is going to provide is an advanced course about the diseases or pediatric conditions in particular. The nurses would, therefore, be able to relate or recapitulate information from already known facts and be able to store it for future use. The information might be completely clear and concise with practice (an application), but it will at least be assimilated to be noted down at a later stage. The cognitive learning theory, based upon Piagets ideas and studies, is therefore, completely effective in adult learning environment, and also in the field of modern day nursing and nurse training. Adult learning theories Promoting Positive Workplace Culture: Application of cognitive theory, or any other adult learning theories, such as Behavioral, constructive or Kolb's theory emphasize on one thing making learning an enriching experience for the students. These theories can, therefore, create pupil who come out of the training, well aware of the facts, and will want to apply it in their practical experience. With their rich learning experience behind them (wherein we assume the theories have been used to bring out the best in the students and their cognitive power is completely developed), the students can make the clinical work environment more efficient. It is the ability, efficiency and the experience of the workers in any workplace that makes it successful. A student nurse, with a better training behind them, can apply all that is learnt to their everyday life, making each and every endeavor successful. This, in turn, will also promote positive work culture, with each individual putting in their best and contribute to their maximum capacity. With the individual performance at a higher level, it becomes much easier to take care of the patients and give them their best, with their professional approach. Summary and Conclusion: Every individual has a different way of perception of things and use of mental abilities to process effective information. Cognitive Theory is based upon the mental processing of information to apply learning in real-life environment. Cognitive theory believes in four stages of development and each stage enhances the cognitive or mental ability of a person to process information. Since our focus is towards adult learning, we come under the formal cognitive development stage, where, Jean Piaget believes the cognitive development is complete. Now, at this stage, a person can learn things through- Use of cognitive skills to acquire and process new information Use prior information and enhance it by learning new insights Learning focus shifts towards the goals and expectations of a learner Motivation to learn and create a life for themselves plays pivotal role in the process of learning The social environment of a person (nurse in a hospital environment) plays a significant role in enhancing learning experiences Use of concept maps can enhance processing of information and its effective application Past experiences and influences also are important to facilitate learning All these past factors have been applied to nursing field and found to be profitable to their learning experience. The learning theories, for many decades, have helped educators and school teachers to enrich teaching experiences in children. The same can be applied to adult education effectively, (in all fields) to ensure we tap into the rich psychological resources and ideas put forth by the theorists to make learning a fun-filled and thought-provoking process. References: Chen, C. J. (2013). Teaching nontraditional adult students: adult learning theories in practice. Chicago: Rouledge. Taylor, D. C. Hamdy, H. (2013). Adult learning theories: Implications for learning and teaching in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 83. Liverpool: Medical Teacher. Alston, D. G., Chegg, T.E., Glodfelter, J. R., Drye, C. K., Farrer, J.V., Gould, D., Mohsin, M. N., Rankin, N. T. and Ray, L. S. (2015). Reflections from Graduate Adult Learners About Service Learning. North Carolina : Sagepub Kroth, M. and Boverie, P. (2009). Using the discovering Model to Facilitate Transfomational Learning and Career Development. New Mexico: Journal of Adult Education. Palis, A. G. and Quiros, P. A. (2014). Adult Learning Principles and Presentation Pearls. Middle East, African Journal of Opthalmology. Biniecki, Y. M. S. and Conceicao, O. C. (2015). Using Concept Maps to Engage Adult Learners in Critical Business Analysis. Manhattan: Sagepub Abela, J. (2009). Adult Learning Theories and Medical Education: a Review. Malta Medical Journal. Jackson, L. D. Revisiting Adult Learning Theory through the Lens of an Adult Learner. Adult Learning. Sincero, S. M. (n.d.). Cognitive Learning Theory - Using Thinking to Learn. Retrieved from https://explorable.com/cognitive-learning-theory[Accessed 14 August 2017] Cognitive Learning Theory. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Cognitive Learning Theory [Accessed 14 August 2017] 4 Cognitive Approach Strengths and Weaknesses. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://flowpsychology.com/4-cognitive-approach-strengths-and-weaknesses/[Accessed 14 August 2017] Aliakbari, F., Parvin, N., Heidari, M. and Haghani, F. (2015). Learning theories application in nursing education. J Educ Health Promot, 4, 2. McAllister, L. (2003). Using adult education theories: facilitating others learning in professional practice settings. Becoming an Advanced Healthcare Practitioner, 216-238. doi:10.1016/b978-0-7506-5441-8.50015-4 Braungart, M.M. and Braungart, G.R. (2007). Applying learning theories to health care practice. Retrieved from https://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763751375/chapter2.pdf[Accessed 14 August 2017] Applying Learning Theories to Healthcare Practice (Ch.3). Retrieved from https://quizlet.com/118358317/applying-learning-theories-to-healthcare-practice-ch3-flash-cards/ [Accessed 14 August 2017] Diamond, A. (n.d.). Cognitive Processes in Learning: Types, Definition Examples. Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/cognitive-processes-in-learning-types-definition-examples.html[Accessed 14 August 2017] Rutherford-Hemming, T. (2012). Simulation Methodology in Nursing Education and Adult Learning Theory. Adult Learning, 23 (3), 129137. Braungart, M.M., Braungart, G.R. and Gramet, R. P. (n.d.). Applying learning theories to health care practice. Retrieved from https://samples.jbpub.com/9781284104448/Sample_CH03_Bastable.pdf[Accessed 14 August 2017] Rutherford-Hemming, T. (2012). Simulation Methodology in Nursing Education and Adult Learning Theory. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1045159512452848[Accessed 14 August 2017] National League for Nursing. (2011). National league for nursing task force tackles high stakes testing. Available at: https://www.nln.org/newsreleases/highstakes_testing_061110.htm [Accessed 14 August 2017]

Sickle Cell Anemia Essays (247 words) - Hemoglobins, Hematopathology

Sickle Cell Anemia Hemoglobin, an oxygen carrying protein in blood, is sometime altered in people causing interruptions in the circulation of blood. This is known as Sickle-Cell Anemia. In the United States, Sickle-Cell Anemia is found mostly in blacks. About 1 in 400 blacks in the United States have the disorder. In Africa, and parts of the Middle East, Sickle-Cell Anemia can be found, not just in the United States. In infants, it only takes about 6 months after birth for symptoms of Sickle-Cell Anemia to appear. These symptoms include the following: swelling of hands and feet; and enlargement of heart and abdomen. Sexual maturation may be delayed in the adolescence stage of life. Later in life, leg ulcers and infections can occur due to blood flow disturbance caused by the disease. Sickle-Cell Anemia gets its name from the sickle, a sharp, crescent- shaped tool. When a person has Sick-Cell Anemia, their red blood cells change in shape due to the altered hemoglobin in the blood. When the oxygen in the blood cells is reduced for any reason, the cells become oddly shaped. They are shaped like a sickle. This blood disease is inherited from the parents, much like other traits. The gene for Sickle-Cell Anemia is codominant with the gene for normal blood hemoglobin. When the heterozygous form occurs, that person is said to be a Sickle-Call Carrier. He or she has the gene for the Sickle-Cell Anemia, but does not show the symptoms of the disorder. Sickle-Cell carriers are partially resistant to Malaria.

Brown Black and white all over essays

Brown Black and white all over essays Thoughts on: Brown and Black and White all Over Racism is a wild fire, fed by fear, and hate, sparked by ignorance, and misunderstanding. This was the feeling I got while and after viewing the play Brown and Black and White all Over, played by Antonio Sacre. Many parts of his play hit and emotional nerve inside me. Antonio Sacres play contained passages that had me riding an emotional roller coaster. Sacre, a self proclaimed storyteller had me in a state of indecision, somewhere between laughing at and feeling sorry for the characters of his story. Antonio Sacres play was put on by his drama class, which consisted of about 5 girls from a school whose average student read at 15% of the national level. Sacre had me laughing at these kids antics and speech. They spoke in broken English and slang saying Hey man. How do expect me to learn all dis man? Huh? So I gotta learn all dis words? This had me and most of the audience laughing. Haha. these kids talked with different speech patterns than most of us. They are funny. HaHaHa. Then it hit me. These were underprivileged kids who didnt think they talked funny because this was how they talked, every day. I was laughing at them because of this? How could I be that rude? I and about 300 other people sitting in a nice padded chair, in a beautiful gy m, at a private school in one of the most affluent towns in the world, was laughing at these kids who were stumbling over lines and talking with a different accent. I was hard pressed to laugh at anything for the rest of that segment. Another part of Antonio Sacres play that stood out to my psyche was when Antonio was visiting the conference on Racism in the Californian redwood forest. The group was talking about stereotypes until a person of color says: Man, I cant believe the injustices in this world, man. My bro got caught wit a little bit of pot and got 2 years....

Strategic managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic managment - Essay Example The airline has around 90 destinations and operates with 176 aircrafts (Nationsonline, n.d.). However the central base is situated at the Copenhagen Airport (Beyman, n.d.). The present study entails about the challenges faced by the company in the 1980s and also offers the solution by which the company surmounted the challenges. The company applied vertical integration strategy in order to overcome the challenges. The threats mainly came from intense rivalry within the aviation industry. This has declined the sales volume as well as the profitability of the company. The new management found the only way to overcome the issue by carrying out an end-to-end restructuring of the company. It happened through successful vertical integration. The company was fully restructured and growth was witnessed. It vertically integrated with the other divisions such as catering sector, credit card, hotel, and reservation within the aviation industry. The paper will therefore shed light and offers a critical on the vertical integration approach of SAS in reviving their situation. The case entails about Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) where the company had to deal with various issues and how the company recovered from the situation. It was in the year 1970s and 1980s; the company faced various challenges (Gallos, 2008, p.42). The issues led to various disparities among the owners, staffs and the management. Furthermore the stakeholders also did not agree on the reasons portrayed for the big loss and was also unsatisfied with the ways to be adopted for the revival of the company. Hence at this point of a time there was an urgent need of quick and firm decision which will help the restrict or save the company from the verge of a collapse. At that moment of time the management structure was changed and new executives came forward. In the year 1981

Burden of the Bourgeoisie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Burden of the Bourgeoisie - Essay Example Economic data of present times show that families now have more money to spend as more members are earning. The typical two income family of the present where both the husband and wife are earning make75 percent more than what a typical family of the last generation   Economic data of present times show that families now have more money to spend as more members are earning. The typical two income family of the present where both the husband and wife are earning make75 percent more than what a typical family of the last generation  earned. Although they have more to spend, their savings have drastically fallen. They are the educated class, having decent jobs, but they find it difficult to pay their medical bills. Filing for bankruptcy has increased drastically among this class. Warren and Tyagi argue that the reason for the financial crisis among the middle class is not their spendthrift habits, but that they have to spend much more for basic necessities, like housing, school for the children, healthcare and basic expenses. Families who face the calamity of foreclosure, are isolated, instead of being supported. The authors put up a strong case against the credit industry which is at the bottom of the myth of overspending by the middle class. They conclude by giving a number of suggestions for improving the situation.America is an affluent society, considering the global situation. The middle class, which is the backbone of the American society has never been so prosperous as it is now.

Responsible tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Responsible tourism - Essay Example However, the Park has untapped natural resources such as rivers, rocks, lava flow and dust-elephants. All of these can be utilized to generate streams of revenues for the survival and growth of the region. Literature on responsible tourism suggests that poverty alleviation is possible if all the stakeholders work in cooperation to achieved the defined goals. However, this requires all the stakeholders to accept and discharge responsibility. Through a case study analysis it has been identified that the locals play a critical role in the sustainable development of any region. Motivating the locals becomes a major issue which can be shouldered by the NGOs. The tourists, the hotel operators and the tour operators, each have responsibility towards sustainable development. ... km. It is nine times bigger than the Maasai Mara National Reserve (Expert Africa, n.d.). The Park lies to the east of the Nairobi –Mombasa road, equidistant between Nairobi and Mombasa, amidst flora and fauna, and the meandering Galana River (Kenya Wildlife Service, 2013). The Tsavo river flows west to east through the national park, it borders the Chyulu Hills National Park and the Mkomazi Game Reserve in Tanzania. The climate here is warm and dry. The Tsavo East National Park was once home to 35,000 elephants, reduced 4,300 by 1988 due to poaching from Somalia (Joshua, 1993). However, under pressure from conservationists and western donors, and under new leadership, corruption was cleaned up and there was ban on trading in ivory. Investments were brought in which facilitated the growth of herds; tourism too picked up as infrastructure was enhanced. The elephant population in the entire Tsavo ecosystem as of 2011 was 12,570 (McKnight, n.d.). The biggest draw of the Park is th e herds of dust-red elephants that bulldoze their way around. Visitors to the park can watch wildlife under a huge sky and experience the wilderness in solitude (Expert Africa, n.d.). In addition, is the Aruba Dam, located on the North Bank of the Voi River, which makes a great game viewing destination. Other attractions include Mudanda Rock, the longest lava flow in the world and Lugard falls. The Park houses the largest mammals, Rhinos, buffaloes, lions, leopards, hippo, crocodile, Gerenuk and Hirola (Kenya Wildlife Service, 2013). 1.2 Aim of this report The aims of this report are as follows: To evaluate the concept of responsibility and sustainability in tourism To analyse a case study in terms of sustainable and responsible tourism To establish an appropriate

A Case Study On Aspergers Syndrome Education Essay

A Case Study On Aspergers Syndrome Education Essay The Aspergers Syndrome is a mild form of autism which is seen in children of school bearing age. Yet since it is a mild form of the neurobiological disorder, some children who are suffering from Aspergers Syndrome are enrolled in mainstream classroom in order to interact with other children without the disability. This research will disclose how a child who is suffering from Aspergers Syndrome might react into the learning development when they are exposed with other students. Over the years it has been noticed that it is not always in the best interests of children with Aspergers Syndrome, a mild form of autism to be working in groups in a mainstream classroom for their social development. Yet recent studies show that incorporating Aspergers children in mainstream schools might be able to help the childs social development. Those children whose needs are not at the severe end of the spectrum disorder were successfully included in mainstream schools and were able to cope accordingly. There will be a need for flexibility and recognition that the child may need some approaches different to those used for other learners. These techniques and practices will be disclosed in the latter parts of the paper. Currently the writer is working with a child who was diagnosed with Aspergers Syndrome. Though the child displays a mild form of autism, the child was enrolled in a mainstream school. Due to this, the researcher would want to determine how a mainstream classroom would be able to support this child. According to Downshen (2010), there are few facilities which specialises in providing the special needs of children diagnosed with Aspergers Syndrome. Some of the children with this disorder were placed in mainstream schools, and their development would depend greatly upon the support and encouragement they can receive from parents, teachers, caregivers, and peers. For those other families, they prefer to place their children in a specialised institution for those with learning disabilities or autism. Many people with Aspergers Syndrome can function accordingly in most aspects, so the condition does not limit a childs development and success in academic and social standing. They will still be able to cope and learn as well as their peers in the classroom (ibid). Accordingly, in a study conducted by Epp (2008), she has indicated that kids with Aspergers Syndrome can still excel in mainstream classrooms and be enrolled in public schools. Since some schools do not accept children who have violent and screening behaviors, there is an instrument being used by schools to determine the verbal and cognitive skills of children. This tool will be discussed in detail in the latter parts of the study. Aspergers Syndrome is named after Hans Asperger, a paediatrician who first described the behaviour patterns which defines the illness. In 1940s, most of Aspergers patients who were suffering from the condition were males. Though they had normal language development and intelligence, the boys were impaired in their social skills, and have poor motor skills and coordination, as well as inefficient when communicating with other peers (Downshen, 2010). The illness was then diagnosed as a mild form of autism by the Asperger Syndrome Coalition of the United States. Most patients who suffer from the illness are children in the ages of 3 to 9 (Ibid). It is characterized by displaying poor social interactions, odd speech patterns, obsessive behaviours, and other unusual mannerisms in the age group of the child. Medical practitioners and educational staff were able to determine who among the children displays Aspergers Syndrome since sufferers have limited facial expressions and some were known to be obsessive in their routines. A small change in routine might set a tantrum, wherein the child would have unusual sensitivity to given sensory stimuli, such as sensing a bright light which the other kids are not able to see, and hearing a high-pitched sound which was unheard by other children. According to Downshen (2010), most children with Aspergers Syndrome were able to function and cope normally in daily activities. Aside from some odd behaviors and being socially immature, there are few other indicators that a child might be suffering from the illness. A child with Aspergers Syndrome might have motor delays, limited interests which would depend on routines, clumsiness, and unusual preoccupations. They tend to be aloof from other children with no social understanding of their actions. When they enter adulthood, they would have difficulty in demonstrating empathy for their peers, as well as be socially unable to relate to their peers. Some say that the disease lasts a lifetime with no immediate cures, yet the symptoms could wane over time, and early detection of the disease could help the child development in the areas wherein they need support (ibid). Similarly, Aspergers Syndrome is a part of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Autism Spectrum Disorders are a wide-range of developmental disabilities which includes but are is not limited to autism and other neurobiological disorders with similar characteristics and symptoms (ibid).The term spectrum disorders is made in such a way that symptoms are similar with each other, and though there different combinations of such symptoms, the degree of the illnesses severity could be on completely opposing sides. For example, two children might be diagnosed with the same neurobiological disorder, yet they might display different coping mechanisms and speeches. One might be extremely intelligent in academic works, but lacking in coordination skills in sports, whilst the other might be extremely gifted in physical activities, yet have a hard time coping with academic reports. There is a wide range of skills and abilities which could affect a child who is suffering from spectrum disorders (ibid). The study will only focus on the autism behaviour of Aspergers Syndrome, which is a mild form of autism. The researcher will not include studies and references for other forms of behaviours, and is limited on the study for AS only. The researcher does not wish to find a cure for the disorder, but aims to determine how to help children with AS be able to cope properly in mainstream classrooms without compromising their ability to learn. The research will focus on one case study of a boy with AS whom the researcher is currently working with. This boy is enrolled in a mainstream school and a mainstream classroom, both of which information will not be disclosed for the sake of keeping the boys personality and the schools name anonymous. The researcher does not wish to make the boy and the school as inanimate objects of the study, but would rather use them as a means of gathering information for the general welfare of children with AS. Lastly, the research will not include other documented cases of AS aside from the case study, except for references sake for the literature review. The educational instructors and practitioners in the said school will be interviewed for their opinions about the behaviour of the boy, and how he is able to cope in the mainstream school with his peers of the same age. The final format of this paper will contain six chapters. The first chapter is for the introduction, wherein the basics of the research would be disclosed. The Introduction would also contain the research questions and objectives. This would be followed by the second chapter which is the literature review which will inform the readers of what are articulately known today about the topic. All literatures which will be reviewed will be followed by the researchers narratives, explanations and opinions about them about the information they contain. There would be a confidentiality agreement between the participants of the case study, interviews, and other participants in the study. Before the start of the case study, the researcher will ask for the permission of parents and caregivers of the peers and classmates of the boy with AS. These caregivers and parents might have qualms about involving their children in such a study, but there could also be those who would willingly give their children the chance to be involved in such a complex study which could help children with AS in the future. After gaining the permission of the caregivers of children, the researcher will then set up the period of case study for the child with AS, and his educational providers and instructors. The researcher would establish the environment and basics of the case study, and will prepare all the needed materials to create a holistic environment. Finally, the researcher would give all educational instructors and participants their own forms for confidentiality agreement. They would be assured that their personal information will not be disclosed to any third party, and all results of the study would be purely academic. 3.8 Data Collection Methods Both primary and secondary data methodologies would be utilized in this research. The following would be the sources of data and information: 3.8.1 Primary Data All the primary data would be gathered from the primary sources of information of the researcher. These methodologies would be comprised of the case study, observation, and interviews with concerned individuals such as primary caregivers, parents, peers, and teachers of the child. They will be asked and gauged according to their proximity with the topic, as well as their experiences in coordinating with the child with AS. The primary data will also be taken from the researchers observation of the participants. These observations would be able to say a lot about the details of the research such as the credibility of their narratives and experiences. They will be asked about their experiences, and the researcher would be able to see how accurate their responses are based on their facial expressions and reasoning. 3.8.2 Secondary Data The secondary data would be derived from the contextual analysis to be done by the researcher. The researcher would perform a thorough and diverse investigation of the topic about recently published materials and articles for the line of research. The author would also indicate which among the materials are the most relevant to the study. 3.9 Conclusion The researcher would be an explanatory research with the interpretative approach which would be used to explain how the boy is coping up in a mainstream situation, as well as accurately interpret the situations and consequences of what the case study. After thoroughly explaining the researchs methodologies, the researcher have clarified the following: Case study the case study would be used in order to observe the child from his natural environment and how he is coping in a mainstream classroom for normal children. By having the case study, the researcher would be able to actively comprehend how practitioners could provide the child with adequate care for his situation. Observation the researcher would use the power of observation, such as observation sheets and narratives which would be compiled and scrutinized upon completion of the materials and data. Interviews people with close ties to the child would be interviewed for their intervention and advices about the topic, as well as how the child copes in an everyday setting. Contextual analysis by using this research method, the researcher would be able to understand how other experienced individuals have dealt with the research topic. These methods would help the research determine how working in a mainstream classroom will support a child with Aspergers Syndrome. He will also be gauged based on his ability to cope with other children who do not have neurobehavioral disorder, and how his learning in the classroom impacts the learning of other people. The researchs aims would be closely tied with the research methodologies. The data would be analyzed in a timely and accurate manner. The researcher would only focus on one child with Aspergers Syndrome, and focus on how he is coping and what are his needs in a mainstream environment. Doing such will keep the research accurate and valid. The narratives of other involved people would be judged according to their reactions and based on the observation, which would be based on how they react and answer questions. With the researcher asking in such close proximity, there would be little room for untruthful narratives.

Physics of Hydraulics :: physics hydraulics

Missing Figures/Equations History The type of physics that I will be presenting is a branch of Fluid Mechanics. Fluid mechanics studies the physics of gases and liquids. Hydraulics is defined as: "a branch of science that deals with practical applications of liquid in motion." Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, via www.dictionary.com The science started over thousands of years ago with Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) and Archimedes (287-212 B.C.). Many European scientists also contributed to hydraulics, including da Vinci, Mariotte and Boyle. The scientist who discovered the main principle I will be talking about is Pascal. A French scientist who studied math and physics. His work included studying atmospheric pressure, conic sections and the principles of hydrostatics. After Pascal there is Bernoilli, Franklin and Froud, who all also contributed to the science of hydraulics. How it works (the physics part) The basic rule of using hydraulic power is Pascal's Principle. Pascal's Principle: pressure exerted on a fluid is distributed equally throughout the fluid. Hydraulics uses incompresible liquids so the applied pressure from one end (small arrow) is equal to the desired pressure on the other end (big arrow). The big arrow is pointing toward a piston that is free to move, and is sometimes connected to a rod. When the force is applied, the piston moves up or down. The equations are: equations Of course, as Prof. Newman says, "there is no free lunch," In order to move the larger area, the smaller area has to move a lot in order to move the larger area a little. The larger area is nine times greater than the smaller area. In order to move the larger piston one inch, the smaller piston has to move nine inches. The Uses of Hydraulics Hydraulics are used in many ways. Most of them are used everyday and not even thought about. Here are some examples of how hydraulics are used. They are all machines (I'm a mechanical engineer!) Car Brakes Car brakes work when you push the brake pedal, it pushes the small piston. The piston applies pressure on the brake fluid, which press the brake pads on the large pistons. The brake pads come into contact with the brake drum and slows the car down, eventually stopping the car. Airplanes Airplanes and jet planes use hydraulics in many places. * Adjusting wings * Putting out/bringing in landing gear * opening/closing doors Real Life Hydraulics Unfortunately applying hydraulics in real life isn't so simple. There are a few things to consider if you are planning on designing and building hydraulic equipment.